A Guide to Performing Experiments on the Liquids and Amorphous Diffractometer at ISIS
Alex C. Hannon and W. Spencer Howells
1^st July 1996

1.	The Purpose of This Manual
2.	The Liquids and Amorphous Diffractometer LAD
	2.1 History of LAD
	2.2 Description of LAD
	2.3 Specification of LAD
	2.4 Applications of LAD
3.	How to Run the Instrument - Practical Points
	3.1 The LAD Sample Tank
	3.2 Shielding
	3.3 Sample Tank Vacuum System
	3.4 Beam Size Apertures
	3.5 Sample Mounting
	3.6 Interlocks and Shutter Control
4.	How to Run the Instrument - Computing
	4.1 The Computing System at ISIS
	4.2 The Computing System on LAD
	4.2.1 Falco Terminal 4.2.2 Re-booting the LAD Computer
	4.3 Controlling the Instrument
	4.3.1 The CHANGE Command 4.3.2 Controlling Data Acquisition 4.3.3 The Privilege to Control the Data Acquisition
	4.4 Inspecting the data
	4.5 Dynamic Plotting of the Temperature
	4.6 Beam Log - Monitoring Moderator Performance
5.	Where are my Data?
	5.1 BEGIN 5.2 END 5.3 Save Files 5.4 Location of Data Files 5.5 Archiving of Data Files 5.6 Journal Files
6.	Sample Environment Equipment
	6.1 Sample Cans
	6.2 Candle-stick
	6.3 Sample-changer
	6.4 Closed Cycle Refrigerator / CCR
	6.5 Orange Cryostat
	6.6 Furnace
	6.7 Computer Control of Sample Environment Equipment
	6.7.1 The CAMAC System 6.7.2 Display and Logging of Temperature 6.7.3 CAMAC Software Trouble-shooting 6.7.4 CAMAC Parameters 6.7.5 Useful CAMAC Commands 6.7.6 PID Parameters 6.7.7 Controlling Cold Temperatures 6.7.8 Controlling Hot Temperatures
7.	Scientific Points Arising During an Experiment
	7.1 The Effect of Nuclear Resonances on LAD Data
	7.2 Bragg peaks
	7.3 Hydrogen Contamination in the Sample
	7.4 Sample Weight and Dimensions
8.	Useful Information
	8.1 Useful Conversion Factors 8.2 d-Spacings and Selection Rules for Simple Crystal Systems
	8.2.1 Simple Cubic (sc) 8.2.2 Face Centred Cubic (fcc) 8.2.3 Body Centred Cubic (bcc) 8.2.4 Hexagonal Close Packed (hcp)
	8.3 Crystal Structures of some Metallic Elements 8.4 A Final Checklist 8.5 Useful Phone Numbers 8.6 Safety Summary 8.7 Eating and Drinking
	8.7.1 RAL Opening Hours 8.7.2 Pubs
9.	Glossary of Terms
10.	References
11.	List of Figures

Thanks to Ian Murray for first putting these web pages together.

Last Updated 09 Nov 1998